About Enneagram
The word enneagram comes from two Greek words: Ennea means “nine” and gram means “drawing” or “figure”. Combined as Enneagram means nine types of personality, nine distinct but interrelated personality types, or nine ways of thinking, feeling, behaving and experiencing the world. People are born with all nine personality types, but only one type is dominant – the autopilot or habitual pattern. The characteristics of this dominant type may either soften or become more pronounced as we grow and develop. In addition to our dominant Enneagram type, there are four other types that provide additional qualities to our personalities; these are called wings and arrows of integrations.
The Enneagram symbol and the personality types associated with it have ancient roots that can trace back to over 2000 years ago. Traces of it can be found in the early mystical forms of many spiritual teachings in Asia and the Middle East.
Modern Enneagram and its usage have been heavily influenced by three individuals across three continents: G.I. Gurdjieff in the 1930s in Europe, and Oscar Ichazo from the 1950s to the present in South America. Claudio Naranjo, an American psychiatrist born in Chile, initially studied the Enneagram with Ichazo and brought it to the United States in the 1970s.
Today, knowledge of the Enneagram system is growing all around the world. The insights about human functioning and development are being applied in many varied areas including business management, team development, people management, personal development, relationship, parenting and education. Top Universities in the US such as Stanford University in California has been teaching Enneagram in their professional development courses, Union Institute & University in Ohio has been teaching Enneagram to practicing psychologists. Great articles about Enneagram have been published in top business publications such as Harvard Business Review. Also, thousands of Enneagram books have been translated and published in various languages all over the world.
1. PERFECTIONIST:
Principled, idealistic, purposeful, rational, disciplined, self-controlled, right or wrong, fixated on improvement.
Ones are essentially looking to make things better, as they think nothing is ever quite good enough. This makes them perfectionists who want to reform and improve, who desire to make order out of the omnipresent chaos, and hold self and others to high standards.
STRENGTHS
Objectivity, law & order, responsible, meticulous, good teacher, set things in place, deliver high standards
WEAKNESSES
Intolerance, Obsessiveness / rigid, Punitiveness, Judgemental, Unforgiving, Project standard on others
AT WORK
Likes SOP, will lead by example, detailed, avoid risk, likes accountability, likes precise standard, likes knowing who is responsible for what.
2. HELPER:
The Caring, people centered, interpersonal type. Generous, people-pleasing, possessive caring, nurturing。
Twos essentially feel that they are worthy insofar as they are helpful to others. Love is their highest ideal. Selflessness is their duty. They have the need to be needed, often relate his value to the acceptance and love of others. Giving to others is their reason for being. Involved, socially aware, usually extroverted, Twos are the type of people who remember everyone’s birthday and who go the extra mile to help out a co-worker and friends in need.
STRENGTHS
Accepting, Empathy, Generosity, willing to sacrifice, sensitive to the needs of others
WEAKNESSES
Manipulation, Coercion, self-forgetting, feeling victimized, unwilling to get help
AT WORK
Cheerleader, appreciators, likes cooperation, fewer conflicts, willing to move to one common goal, highly responsive to approval and encouragement, management by encouraging others.
3. ACHIEVER:
The Success-Oriented, pragmatic type: Adaptive, excelling, self-motivated, image-conscious, self-confidence and like to be praised.
Threes need to be validated in order to feel worthy; they pursue success and want to be admired. They are frequently hard-working, competitive and are highly focused on the pursuit of their goals. Likes attention, showing better side to others, likes short-cuts, good at multi-tasking.
Can be accommodating to maintain a good relationship with the purpose of achieving something.
STRENGTHS
Self-motivated, adaptability, good at multi-tasking, good presenter, convincing, efficient producer, agile – can play to the crowd
WEAKNESSES
Opportunism, workaholic, vain, acting, deceitful
AT WORK
Task-oriented, belief in meritocracy, high profile, feels rage when tasks and goals are interrupted, needs a clear path to success, takes on the image and feelings of a task
4. INDIVIDUALIST:
Sensitive, imaginative, expressive, dramatic, emotional, creative, Identity seekers, feel unique and different. Push-pull relationship.
Fours build their identities around their perception of themselves as being somehow different or unique; they are thus self-consciously individualistic. They have a good sense of beauty and like to make meaning from experiences. Shy, introvert, often feels uneasy in an unfamiliar environment. Usually has its own style of life, very much in touch with emotion.
STRENGTHS
Creative, empathetic, aesthetic and gets to the heart of the matter
WEAKNESSES
Moody, arrogant, difficult to pleas, often feel melancholic or depressive, envy others on what they have
AT WORK
Do not like repetitive works, likes jobs that call for creativity, can find meaning in work,
efficiency is tied to mood, likes to work alone.
5. INVESTIGATOR:
A thinker, perceptive, quiet, alone, detached, secretive, withdraw himself to observe
Fives essentially fear that they don’t have enough inner strength to face life, so they tend to withdraw, to retreat into the safety and security of the mind where they can mentally prepare for their emergence into the world. Type Fives often detach, not easy to make friends with. They need personal space. Fives feel comfortable and at home in the realm of thought. They are generally intelligent, well-read and thoughtful and they frequently become experts in the areas that capture their interest.
STRENGTHS
Objective, expertise, logical thinking, calm temperament
WEAKNESSES
Lack of energy, think too much but little action, Unreachable loner, looks arrogant
AT WORK
Well-informed, likes privacy and treats it as a reward. Values unemotional decision making, needs to withdraw in order to figure things out. Can listen and very analytic to solve problem. Freezes when unexpectedly questioned
6. LOYALIST:
Security-Oriented, responsible, anxious, suspicious, stable, good team player, hates disloyal people, faithful custodians.
Sixes essentially feel insecure, as though there is nothing quite steady enough to hold onto. At the core of the type Six personality is a kind of fear or anxiety. Sixes don’t trust easily; they are often ambivalent about others, until the person has absolutely proven herself, at which point they are likely to respond with steadfast loyalty. They are good in preparation work and often have contingency plans.
STRENGTHS
Loyal, trustworthy, dutiful, committed and supportive
WEAKNESSES
Over-reaction, Negative, immobilized by fear, suspicious, feels inferior
AT WORK
Very prudent, like clear instructions and SOP at work, a supportive team player, like a work environment with a clear hierarchy structure.
7. ENTHUSIAST:
Fun-Loving type, impulsive, versatile, distracted, scattered, avoid pain, seek and plan for varieties of experience
Sevens like to avoid pain, so they are essentially concerned that their lives be an exciting adventure. They are future-oriented, restless people who are generally convinced that something better is just around the corner. They usually avoid being tied down. They are quick thinkers who have a great deal of energy and who make lots of plans. They tend to be extroverted, multi-talented, creative and open-minded.
STRENGTHS
Enthusiasm, creative, optimistic, exciting, resourceful, inspiring fast learner
WEAKNESSES
Over-reaction, playful, afraid of commitment, avoid pain by moving away from problems.
AT WORK
Many ideas, a delightful person to work with, a popular co-worker, can be forgiving and creative during hard times
8. CHALLENGER:
Extrovert, optimistic, powerful, dominating, authoritative, self-confident, decisive, willful, hates injustice, confrontational, friend-foe relationship, likes to control.
Eights are essentially unwilling to be controlled, either by others or by their circumstances; they fully intend to be masters of their fate. Eights are strong-willed, decisive, practical, tough-minded and energetic. They are good protectors of friends, family members and subordinates. They like to be respected rather than to be loved. Hates pretender.
STRENGTHS
Powerful, fights for justice, responsible, motivating, self- confidence, protect the weak
WEAKNESSES
Pushy, bully, ruthless, dictatorial and bad temper, double standard
AT WORK
Demands to be fully informed, Confrontational. Anger is direct, No hidden agenda holds no grudges. Respects honest leadership and worthy opponents..
9. PEACEMAKER:
The Easygoing Type, accepting, harmonizing, agreeable, complacent, supportive. Keeping peace and harmony, looks passive and indecisive.
Nines essentially feel a need for peace and harmony. They tend to avoid conflict at all costs, whether it be internal or interpersonal. As the potential for conflict in life is virtually ubiquitous, the Nine’s desire to avoid it generally results in some degree of withdrawal from life, and many Nines are, in fact, introverted. They are typical fence-sitters. Unresponsive and walking away from problems. Do not like to order others, but feel uncomfortable when ordered by others. Type Nines have the ability to see things from multiple perspectives.
STRENGTHS
Warm & humble, empathetic, supportive, can mediate conflicts
WEAKNESSES
Indecisive, belittle self, absent-minded, overly accommodating, withdraw
AT WORK
Likes SOP and clear lines of command, a social gel and people share a lot with him, cautionary in taking risks, good mediator. Flourishes in conditions of positive support。 Can be passive-aggressive when ordered to do something they don’t like.
Wings
Usually one has characteristics of one of the types that lie adjacent to one’s own that are more prominent. This is called the wing. So someone who is a type 5, might have a 4 wing or a 6 wing. This may be abbreviated to “5w4” and “5w6”. According to this, we shall have 18 personality variations: 2w1、2w3、3w2、3w4、4w3、4w5、5w4、5w6、6w5、6w7、7w6、7w8、8w7、8w9、9w8、9w1、1w9、1w2。
九型人格图
“ENNEAGRAM” 是由两个希腊文字组成：“ENNEA” 代表数字“九”，”GRAM”代表形状，整体意思是“九型人格图”，代表着九种截然不同但相互关联的人格类型，或者九种思维，感觉，行为和体验世界的方式。人们天生具有全部九种人格类型，但只有一种人格类型占据主导地位 – 自动反应模式或惯性模式。随着我们的成长和人格发展，这种主导类型的特征可能会被收敛或变得更加明显。我们除了拥有主导人格类型之外，还有其他四种类型可以为我们的个性提供其他特性。这四种类型是我们的侧翼和整合方向。
九型人格图以及人格类型可以追溯到2000年前的古老根源。可以在亚洲和中东许多精神教义的早期形式中找到它的痕迹。
现代九型人格学受到来自三大洲的三个学者的重大影响：1930年代的 G.I. Gurdjieff 来自欧洲，1950 年代的 Oscar Ichazo 来自南美洲，以及1970年代来自智利的Claudio Naranjo 把九型人格学带入美国。如今，全世界对九型人格学的了解已经得到蓬勃发展。关于性格的功能和发展的见解已应用于许多不同领域，包括企业管理，团队发展，人员管理，个人发展，人际关系，育儿和教育等等。美国的顶级大学，例如加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学，一直在其专业管理课程中教授九型人格学，俄亥俄州的联合大学也一直在向心理学从业人员教授九型人格学。有关九型人格学的出色文章已在《哈佛商业评论》等顶级商业出版物中发表，另外，世界各地也有成千上万本九型人格书籍被翻译和出版。
第一型：完美型
原则性强，有理想，有目标感，理性的，有纪律的，自我约束能力强，黑白对错观念分明，追求完美、不断改进。
一号人希望把每件事都做得尽善尽美，希望自己或是这个世界都更进步。 他们不易妥协、总想进行改革和改进，这使他们成为完美主义者，常说“应该”及“不应该”。对自己和别人要求甚高、时时刻刻反省自己是否犯错，也会纠正别人的错。
长处
客观、守时守法、负责、做事一丝不苟、好老师、肯教导、能交出高质量的成绩、能把乱糟糟的事情整理好。
需要改善之处
不能容忍、喜欢批判别人、很难原谅他人、做事缺乏弹性、对于对错过分敏感、把自己的标准强加于他人。
工作时
喜欢标准流程、以身作则、重视细节、规避风险、喜欢赏罚分明、精确工作标准、喜欢知道每个环节由谁负责。
第二型：助人型
关爱型、以人为本、喜人际交往。慷慨，能成就他人。甘愿讨好、迁就他人，但占有欲强。
二号人认为：我若不帮助人，就没有人会爱我。愿意付出爱给别人、要别人觉得需要自己；看到别人满足地接受他们的爱，才会觉得自己活得有价值。很在意别人的感情和需要、常忽略自己。十分热心，多是外向者。善于参与，具有社会意识，二号人是那种会记住每个人生日的人，他们会努力地帮助需要帮助的同事和朋友。
长处
为人随和、有同理心、慷慨、愿意牺牲、对别人的需要很敏锐
需要改善之处
占有欲强、控制欲强、常忽略自己的需要、逃避被帮助、烈士情结
工作时
支持者、欣赏者、喜欢强调合作、少有人际纠纷、支持大家向同一个目标迈进、需要得到赞美和认同、善于鼓励他人。
第三型：成就型
重视成就、实用主义者、适应能力强、好表现、能自我激励、重视形象、自信、喜欢听赞美的言辞。
三号人需要别人的认同来肯定自己的价值。追求成就喜欢被欣赏。非常努力工作追求目标，竞争力强。不介意成为别人目光的焦点，让人看到最好的一面，会找捷径来完成事情，能够同时做几件事。为了达到成功，可以很随和以维持和谐关系。
长处
有强烈目标感和野心，适应能力强，有说服力，能同时做几件事、做事有效率。处事灵活圆滑。
需要改善之处
机会主义，工作狂，自负，狡猾，善于操纵运作和投机
工作时
工作导向，相信绩效制，高调。工作时遇到阻碍会很生气，需要有个清晰的成功路线。善于扮演某项工作需要扮演的角色。
第四型：自我型
敏感，有想象力，会表达情感，戏剧化，情绪化，有创意，追求独特的自我、追求独特的感觉。距离产生美。
四号人总觉得自己是独特的，因此，他们是自觉的个人主义。有很好的审美眼光，喜欢通过经验来寻求意义。害羞、内向，在陌生的场合中感觉不自然。我行我素生活风格。很容易受到感动。
长处
具有创造力，善解人意、有同理心，富有美感。能深入了解问题的核心。
需要改善之处
情绪化，傲慢，难以取悦，忧郁者、有时会喜怒无常，会羡慕他人所拥有的。
工作时
不喜做重复性的工作，适合需要创意的工作，能在工作中找到意义，工作效率往往跟情绪挂钩，喜欢独自工作。
第五型：理智型
善于思考者，精明，沉默寡言，孤独，带点神秘，抽离现实，喜观察。
五号人本质上是担心自己没有足够的内在力量来面对生活，所以他们把自己抽离现实生活，抽离到自己内心的平安和保障中，为进入生活做好心理准备。五号人冷漠、难投入，不容易跟他们交朋友。需要个人空间，喜欢在家里独自思考和独自工作。五号人通常是聪明的，喜好阅读和学习，并且经常成为他们有兴趣的领域的专家。
长处
具有客观的头脑，大多是某事的专家。具备逻辑思考、解决问题的能力。具有冷静的气质
需要改善之处
欠缺活力，太多思考少行动，不易亲近的孤独者，看起来傲慢。
工作时
有知识，希望能够拥有个人空间。做决定时不会考虑情感因素。需要离众来思考解决问题的方法。会细心倾听，并将事情分析得非常清楚。会被突然而来的问题搞到不知所措
第六型：忠诚型
安全导向，尽责，经常紧张，过多疑虑，性格稳定，团队意识很强，讨厌对团体不忠的人，是个忠实的继承者。
六号人基本上缺乏安全感，总觉得危机四伏。心理深处经常有些恐惧或焦虑。不容易相信别人对他的忠诚，但是一旦建立了信任，六号人将是最忠诚的伙伴或朋友。善于做好准备工作。因为害怕出错，做事经常有后备计划。
长处
忠诚，可信赖，尽忠职守，重承诺，愿意辅助他人
需要改善之处
过度反应，消极，过度谨慎、不敢行动，好猜忌，自贬
工作时
非常谨慎，过度疑虑。喜欢有明确的指示和标准操作流程，喜欢权力架构清晰的工作环境，很好的团队合作精神
第七型：活跃型
活泼开朗，做事冲动，兴趣广泛，外向主动，注意力分散，倾向逃避烦恼，寻求各种经验。
七号人倾向逃避烦恼，而且是以尝试新的经历来避开烦恼。他们不断计划未来以得到欢乐，他们通常相信更好的事情指日可待。他们不喜欢接受规范，不想被约束。七号人思想敏捷、精力充沛，性格外向，多才多艺，有创意。
长处
激情，创新，乐观，机智，富有灵感，学习新东西速度快
需要改善之处
过度反应，贪玩，怕作承诺，通过不断的参与活动来抑制焦虑
工作时
很多点子，是个令人开心的工作伙伴，人际关系非常好，在困难时期可以宽容和有创造力
第八型：领袖型
外向、乐观，坚强，喜欢支配，专制，自信，果断，讨厌不公正，不惧对抗，人际关系只有朋友或敌人
八号人不喜欢被控制，所以他们喜欢掌控大局。他们坚强、自信、果断和会马上采取行动去解决问题。会保护、支持自己的朋友、家人和下属。喜欢被人尊重而不是被人喜爱。讨厌虚伪的人。
长处
强大，有正义感，敢承担责任，负责，自信，擅于激励，保护弱小
需要改善之处
冲动、愤怒爆发直接，专制、独断，双重标准、待己以宽
工作时
要求知道一切事情的发生，对抗，愤怒爆发直接，但是过了就算，不会记仇。尊重和他一样直接、强势但有实力的对手.
第九型：和平型
随和、顺从、很难说不的人。向往包容，避免冲突，容易满足。维持和平与和谐，别人会觉得其被动和优柔寡断。
九号人觉得需要一直维持和平与和谐。可以尽一切所能来避开冲突。但是由于生活中潜在的冲突几乎无可避免，因此九号人避免冲突的行为会导致某种程度的抽离现实。是以很多九号人会是内向的。他们也是典型的骑墙派。时常因为问题而烦恼但却不去解决。不喜欢命令别人，但当别人命令自己时，会反感和变得倔强。对于不同观点的分歧和争论，九号人能看到不同角度的方方面面。
长处
温和谦卑，有同理心，善解人意，能调解纠纷，写意随和、与世无争
需要改善之处
优柔寡断，有自贬的倾向，善忘，过度适应他人，抽离现实
工作时
喜欢有标准流程，职位等级和奖罚制度清楚的工作环境。公司里最多人喜欢交谈的对象。要是得到有力的支持会做出好成绩。对于风险非常谨慎。很有排解纠纷的能力。要是被命令做自己不喜欢的事情会消极抵制。
侧翼理论
在本身的号码相邻的就是侧翼，绝大部分人只会偏向一种邻近侧翼的性格特征。同一个型，但不同的侧翼，两者核心价值一样，但性格、待人接物的态度上会有一些区别。
例如，2号会有3号或1号的侧翼（记作2w3或2w1）
按此理论，性格即可分成18个类型：2w1、2w3、3w2、3w4、4w3、4w5、5w4、5w6、6w5、6w7、7w6、7w8、8w7、8w9、9w8、9w1、1w9、1w2。